Achievement tests – assesses your current knowledge or what you know.Ie, college entrance exam(designed to test your ability to do college work), intelligence tests, physical examinations Aptitude tests – predict your future performance or ability to learn new skill.One explanation for this could be that people with faster cognitive processes acquire more information. Brains of people with high performances are less active (intake less glucose), quick, and registers information with more complexity.With modern brain imaging techniques, researchers still fail (as did with Galton) to find significant correlation between head size and intelligence.This EI is independent, if not negatively correlated, with academic intelligence. People with high emotional intelligence do better in social situations and thus are more successful in careers, marriages, and parenting. Also supporting the multiple intelligence theory is the existance of emotional intelligence – the ability to manage, express, understand, and perceive emotions.Thus, contrary to the g factor, Howard Gardner believes we have “multiple intelligences” that are independent of each other. Ie, a 12 year old who has difficulty speaking and walking but can compute numbers as fast as a calculator. People with Savant syndrome excel exceptionally in one ability/skill but has limited mental abilities.Ie, those who excelled in reasoning also did quite well in all other areas such as spatial ability, verbal, memory, and word fluency. Charles Spearman believed that there is a general intelligence factor or g factor undermining each ability/factor.
To determine if many factors undermine ones general mental ability, psychologists make use of factor analysis – a statistical method that identifies a variety of related factors in a test.Ie, in the context of warriors, musicians, engineers, artists, different intelligence levels will be expressed in different areas by one individual. Know that intelligence is always expressed in a context.IQ is not a fixed “thing” one has it is merely a score one obtains from a test.We define Intelligence as the ability/capacity to be goal oriented and exhibit adaptive behavior.The result, Truman realized, the reason why non-Anglo Saxons did worst is because the test measures not only their innate abilities but also education and cultural distinctiveness. The stanford-Binet test became applied to many people of differing races.Then your IQ is 12/12 X 100= 100, the average IQ. If you are 12 years old(chronological age) and your mental abilities are the same as those who are 12 years old (mental age). The test measures IQ Intelligence Quotient- mental age divided by chronological age(real age) times 100. Lewis Truman- developed the current Stanford-Binet intelligence test.Ie, people saw your level of intelligence and not really who you are. Alfred Binet – founder of modern intelligence testing, sought methods to identify students who would have difficulties in regular classes by measuring ones Mental Age – if you perform the way a typical 10 year old would, then your mental age is 10 years old, regardless of your real age.Despite his efforts, no correlation whatsoever was found between general mental abilities and the traits. His goal was to “quantify human superiority” by means of tests on strength, reaction time, sensory precision and even head size. Francis Galton (1822-1911) had great enthusiasm in measuring human traits that lead to the “eugenics” movement.We use intelligence tests to give a numerical value to ones mental abilities by comparing them to others.
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